筆記-槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵(四/完)

好書要有好的譯者

可敬的廖老師翻譯的好書

 

 

PART 4 環遊世界

把第二三部歸納的遠因近因道理套用到各大洲與幾個重要島嶼

（近代）東亞族群與太平洋各族的鬥爭提供非常清楚的模型，讓我們了解世界其他地區的族群歷史

 

安全文化的進化與退化

是說講安全文化的很多(特別是一些外商公司)，國內也有不少從事安全文化與氣候研究的老師，理論陳述、組成構面與SEM model言之鑿鑿、合情合理 

然而就一個任職於本土公司的實務工作者鄉民而言，總感覺「夏蟲不可語冰」=>

有如冰塊的安全文化與氣候，對於我這隻壽命短暫、沒見過冬天的昆蟲而言，難以想像與理解

 
任職外商的先進們，從一些制度與實務作為來闡述何謂安全文化

專家學者們，利用問卷量表與線性結構方程式來闡述與衡量安全文化與氣候 

在以上先進與專家的分享和指導下，關於安全文化與氣候的樣貌(“What” is safety culture)，大家已經得到不錯的觀念與認知 

然而，如何建構得到(How)安全文化與氣候，進而讓兩光組織不要三不五時出事，則是一個尚待努力的大哉問與大災問：

 

標竿公司說：效法我們的作法就對了

謎之兩光公司聲：X的勒，最好有那麼多的外國時間與資源… 

教授學者說：要按部就班，第一步要先用心理問卷量表衡量大家的想法與心態

謎之兩光員工音：X，這是在問什麼鬼？反應那麼多老闆還不是只看錢？

 

筆記-槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵(三)

本書的發問方式與回答辯證方法值得好好學習與品味

書本封面的插畫- Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizarro_Seizing_the_Inca_of_Peru.jpg

畫家
John Everett Millais

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Everett_Millais

 

筆記-槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵(二)

作者Wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Diamond

1937年出生，六歲學鋼琴，

父親是醫師，母親是教師

大學念人類學、哈佛學院拿歷史學位(1958)

劍橋三一學院拿生理學的博士(1961)

1964年初次前往新幾內亞的旅程啟發了他

回哈佛擔任研究員~1965

1968年 UCLA擔任醫學院生理學教授

之後轉UCLA擔任地理學教授(學了十幾種語言…哇)

 

作者個人網頁-裡面有他個人成長歷程的回顧

http://jareddiamond.org/Jared_Diamond/Welcome.html

摘錄：

It’s said that if you want to understand a person and you are permitted to ask them only two questions permitting only one-word answers, the two most important questions to pose are: “Where were you born?” and “When were you born?” 

出生在哪個地方與什麼年代，會顯著影響一個人… 

One of the basic lessons of life that I learned from New Guinea is an attitude towards risks -- specifically, towards doing things that involve very low risks each time you do them, but that you're going to do hundreds or thousands of times.  A "Eureka moment" came one afternoon when I picked a campsite in the jungle underneath a tall, dead tree.   I was surprised how frightened the New Guineans with me were of sleeping under that dead tree that night. When they said that the tree might fall down, I answered, "Look, it's not going to fall down tonight."  But after hearing stories of New Guineans killed by dead trees, and after hearing trees fall down in the jungle, I gradually realized that, if you're going to spend every night of your life in the jungle and you are not careful about dead trees, sooner or later that low-risk event of a dead tree falling on you will catch up with you.

面對風險的態度：不要睡在枯樹下=>如果你忽視那些極小的風險-早晚那些風險會找上你 

Another basic lesson of life that I learned from New Guinea was how to deal with apparently hopeless situations.  When I first went out there, I encountered quite a few life-threatening situations, where I thought that the next day I wouldn't be alive.   When those situations first arose, they were paralyzing; I didn't know how to deal with them, or to deal with myself while in them.   Gradually, as I survived one after another of those situations, and I then found myself in yet another life-threatening situation where I didn't see how I would be alive the next day, I was able to tell myself: "Well, you've been before in situations that seemed to have no possible solution, and somehow the next day you've woken up still alive.” 

Working in academia, and writing about geography and environmental history, are things that I love.  It's not work: it’s fun.   I happen to get paid for that fun, but if someone tomorrow gave me ten million dollars, I would continue my job as professor of geography at UCLA, because it's what I most enjoy.  In retrospect, if I had known at Roxbury Latin School that I wanted to end up as a historian or geographer, I think I still would have followed the trajectory that I did.  I would have prepared myself by studying biology, because from it I learned the comparative method, which is valuable both in field biology and in history.  Languages are important tool for understanding history. Understanding the New Guinean lifestyle has been important for me in understanding the lifestyles of peoples around the world, throughout history.  And so what I actually did for 45 years, although it wasn't geography or history, was good unplanned preparation for my present career in geography and history.  Already from Roxbury Latin School also came my love of writing. Writing lets me spend time reading up on all these interesting things, going to the effort of trying to understand them and to explain them to myself, and then explaining them to others in the same way in which I have tried to explain them to myself.

作者世界級精采的人生寫出世界級的書，豐富了敝人與許許多多其他人的心靈